2022
PARENTESCO, RECIPROCIDAD
Y JERARQUÍA
EN LOS ANDES
Y JERARQUÍA
EN LOS ANDES
Juan Ossio
Description
An investigation by author Krzysztof Makowski that focuses on the reconstruction of beliefs and rituals that emerge from the analysis of material remains left by the cultures of ancient Peru. In the two introductory chapters, the weight of historical sources in the study of pre-Hispanic beliefs between the 11th and 16th centuries AD is evaluated, and in the following two, several cases are presented and discussed: Cupisnique, Chavín, and early Moche.
Characteristics
Author: Juan Ossio
Prologue: Paulo Pantigoso
Year of publication: 2022
Language: Spanish
Pages: 544
Size: 16,5 x 24 cm
Printing: 1000
Digital ISBN 978-612-5043-24-5
Prologue: Paulo Pantigoso
Year of publication: 2022
Language: Spanish
Pages: 544
Size: 16,5 x 24 cm
Printing: 1000
Digital ISBN 978-612-5043-24-5
Foreword
Introduction
Prologue to the second edition
Part I: The Stage
Chapter I: The environment
a. Location in relation to the hydraulic network
b. The Puna and the valley
c. Population and residential pattern
1. The residential pattern of the valley
2. The mother town
Chapter II:
The Andamarcan past
a. The Rucanas-Antamarcas
b. The historical development of Andamarca
Chapter III:
Productive activities
a. Livestock and agriculture
1. The value of livestock
2. The economic performance of livestock
Cattle Sheep
3.
Agricultural crops
The cultural value of corn
The economic value of corn and other agricultural products
b. The annual cycle
c. Work
Chapter IV: Property
a. Meaning and types of property
b. Individual property or parcel system
Accumulation of land
Dispersal and concentration of land
c. The sky of individual land ownership
d. Ownership of residential units
Part II: Kinship
Chapter I:
The value of kinship
a. Indicators on the importance of kinship in Andamarca
b. The terminology of kinship
Chapter II:
Social units and kinship
a. The value of descent
b. Unilineal groups
c. Bilateral groups
d. The nuclear family
Chapter III: Alliance Systems: Marriage
a. The Individual Dimension of Marriage
1. Man and Woman
2. The Ideal of Pairing
b. The Collective Dimension of Marriage
1. Marital Status
2. Stages of Marriage Formalization
3. Marital Stability
4. Endogamous Orientation
c. Endogamy and Exogamy
d. The Ideal of 12 Children
Chapter IV: Ceremonial kinship
a. Theoretical considerations
b. Types of ceremonial kinship and life cycle
c. Networks in ceremonial kinship
d. Baptismal compadrazgo or spiritual compadrazgo
1. Symbolic expressions
2. Social introducers
3. The collective dimension of spiritual compadrazgo
4. Compadrazgo as a reflection of blood kinship, marriage and the structural principles governing the social order
Symmetry and asymmetry in compadrazgo ties
Marriage and compadrazgo
Terminological overlap between compadrazgo and kinship by affinity
Differences between kinship, ceremony and marriage
The role of compadrazgo
Part III: The communal unit
Chapter I: The water festival and the representation of the unity of Andamarca
a. The symbolism of water
b. The ritual sequence
c. Communal integration
Chapter II: The hierarchy of the saints and the system of religious offices
a. The classificatory value of the Andamarcan saints
b. The system of religious offices
1. The stewardships
2. The other communal offices
Chapter III: Interethnic Relations
a. Ideological and theoretical considerations
b. Indians and mistis in a local context
Chapter IV: Andamarcan dualism and the representation of power
a. Symbolic and social dualism
b. Diametric dualism and concentric dualism
c. The representation of power
Literature
Introduction
Prologue to the second edition
Part I: The Stage
Chapter I: The environment
a. Location in relation to the hydraulic network
b. The Puna and the valley
c. Population and residential pattern
1. The residential pattern of the valley
2. The mother town
Chapter II:
The Andamarcan past
a. The Rucanas-Antamarcas
b. The historical development of Andamarca
Chapter III:
Productive activities
a. Livestock and agriculture
1. The value of livestock
2. The economic performance of livestock
Cattle Sheep
3.
Agricultural crops
The cultural value of corn
The economic value of corn and other agricultural products
b. The annual cycle
c. Work
Chapter IV: Property
a. Meaning and types of property
b. Individual property or parcel system
Accumulation of land
Dispersal and concentration of land
c. The sky of individual land ownership
d. Ownership of residential units
Part II: Kinship
Chapter I:
The value of kinship
a. Indicators on the importance of kinship in Andamarca
b. The terminology of kinship
Chapter II:
Social units and kinship
a. The value of descent
b. Unilineal groups
c. Bilateral groups
d. The nuclear family
Chapter III: Alliance Systems: Marriage
a. The Individual Dimension of Marriage
1. Man and Woman
2. The Ideal of Pairing
b. The Collective Dimension of Marriage
1. Marital Status
2. Stages of Marriage Formalization
3. Marital Stability
4. Endogamous Orientation
c. Endogamy and Exogamy
d. The Ideal of 12 Children
Chapter IV: Ceremonial kinship
a. Theoretical considerations
b. Types of ceremonial kinship and life cycle
c. Networks in ceremonial kinship
d. Baptismal compadrazgo or spiritual compadrazgo
1. Symbolic expressions
2. Social introducers
3. The collective dimension of spiritual compadrazgo
4. Compadrazgo as a reflection of blood kinship, marriage and the structural principles governing the social order
Symmetry and asymmetry in compadrazgo ties
Marriage and compadrazgo
Terminological overlap between compadrazgo and kinship by affinity
Differences between kinship, ceremony and marriage
The role of compadrazgo
Part III: The communal unit
Chapter I: The water festival and the representation of the unity of Andamarca
a. The symbolism of water
b. The ritual sequence
c. Communal integration
Chapter II: The hierarchy of the saints and the system of religious offices
a. The classificatory value of the Andamarcan saints
b. The system of religious offices
1. The stewardships
2. The other communal offices
Chapter III: Interethnic Relations
a. Ideological and theoretical considerations
b. Indians and mistis in a local context
Chapter IV: Andamarcan dualism and the representation of power
a. Symbolic and social dualism
b. Diametric dualism and concentric dualism
c. The representation of power
Literature
1. Location of the community
2. The basin
3. Local sketch of the community
4. Verification of the boundaries
5. Distribution of the agricultural sectors
6. Map of the main village
7. Distribution of some castes in the village
2. The basin
3. Local sketch of the community
4. Verification of the boundaries
5. Distribution of the agricultural sectors
6. Map of the main village
7. Distribution of some castes in the village
1. Demographic composition of residential units, dwellings and households and census population in the Republic in urban and rural areas according to departments, provinces, districts and populated centers (taken from table 1 of the National Housing Census of 1972)
2. Types of residential units, social composition and distribution according to the Tuna and Pata neighborhoods
3. Date of birth of migrants
4. Date and place of birth according to the order in which children were born
5. Residence of migrants
6. Level of education of migrants
7. Occupation of migrants
8. Statistics on cattle (taken from table 19 of the agricultural census of 1972)
9. Statistics on sheep (taken from table 20 of the agricultural census of 1972)
10. Statistics on auquénidae (taken from table 21 of the census
11. Main crops of Andamarca (taken from table 14 of the 1972 agricultural census)
12. Statistics on alfalfa (taken from table 17 of the 1972 agricultural census) 13.
The annual cycle
14. Number and size of plots owned by a head of family
15. Forms of land transfer
16. Distribution of plots owned by heads of families according to the two banks of the Negromayo River, to three sectors in each bank and to the upper and lower parts of each bank
17. Correspondence between the location of plots and the town's dwellings according to their distribution on the two banks of the Negromayo River and the Tuna and Pata neighborhoods
18. Donations
19. Annex of Huayllahuarmi: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighborhoods of the parent town
20. Huaccracca Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
21. Chiricre Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
22. Millupampa Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
23. Ownership of more than one dwelling in the mother town and its distribution according to the Tuna and Pata neighbourhoods
24. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the end of the 17th century and beginning of the 18th century, and according to contemporary evidence
25. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the end of the 18th century, and according to contemporary evidence
26. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and according to contemporary evidence
27. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and according to contemporary evidence
28. Frequency of marriage exchanges among Andamarcans and between Andamarcans and outsiders
29. Marriage exchanges between the different residential units of the parent town
30. Ceremonial kinship network of the couple III-IV
31. Beliefs and funerary practices associated with the life cycle
32a. Sequence of events in the yarqa aspi
32b. Complementary oppositions in the yarqa aspi
33. Hierarchical order of the saints of the Andamarca community
34. The saints of the annexes
35. Religious, festive and civil positions
2. Types of residential units, social composition and distribution according to the Tuna and Pata neighborhoods
3. Date of birth of migrants
4. Date and place of birth according to the order in which children were born
5. Residence of migrants
6. Level of education of migrants
7. Occupation of migrants
8. Statistics on cattle (taken from table 19 of the agricultural census of 1972)
9. Statistics on sheep (taken from table 20 of the agricultural census of 1972)
10. Statistics on auquénidae (taken from table 21 of the census
11. Main crops of Andamarca (taken from table 14 of the 1972 agricultural census)
12. Statistics on alfalfa (taken from table 17 of the 1972 agricultural census) 13.
The annual cycle
14. Number and size of plots owned by a head of family
15. Forms of land transfer
16. Distribution of plots owned by heads of families according to the two banks of the Negromayo River, to three sectors in each bank and to the upper and lower parts of each bank
17. Correspondence between the location of plots and the town's dwellings according to their distribution on the two banks of the Negromayo River and the Tuna and Pata neighborhoods
18. Donations
19. Annex of Huayllahuarmi: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighborhoods of the parent town
20. Huaccracca Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
21. Chiricre Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
22. Millupampa Annex: adult population, endogamy and exogamy, and relations with the neighbourhoods of the mother town
23. Ownership of more than one dwelling in the mother town and its distribution according to the Tuna and Pata neighbourhoods
24. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the end of the 17th century and beginning of the 18th century, and according to contemporary evidence
25. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the end of the 18th century, and according to contemporary evidence
26. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and according to contemporary evidence
27. Aillus and surnames of Cabana, Guaycahuacho, Sondondo and Andamarca according to baptismal certificates from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and according to contemporary evidence
28. Frequency of marriage exchanges among Andamarcans and between Andamarcans and outsiders
29. Marriage exchanges between the different residential units of the parent town
30. Ceremonial kinship network of the couple III-IV
31. Beliefs and funerary practices associated with the life cycle
32a. Sequence of events in the yarqa aspi
32b. Complementary oppositions in the yarqa aspi
33. Hierarchical order of the saints of the Andamarca community
34. The saints of the annexes
35. Religious, festive and civil positions
1. Inca and the kings of the four suyos. Also, the monarch of the expanded universe, represented by four kings from different parts of the world
2. Parental networks in Huayllahuarmi
3. Parental networks in Huaccracca
4. Social composition of block XXIV
5. Social composition of blocks XI and XX
6. Social composition of block XX
7. The allqa Ramos and gentile Tito de Chiricre castes
8a. Terminology of consanguineous kinship from the male point of view
8b. Terminology of consanguineous kinship from the female point of view
8c. Terminology of kinship by affinity from the male point of view
8d. Kinship terminology by affinity from the female point of view
9. The interpretation of the Quechua marriage system according to Cunow
10. The Pérez Bocanegra model
11. Terminological asymmetries between father and mother
12. Huasichacuy or house roof (September 1974)
13. Agricultural and livestock rituals of a caste
14. Endogamous marriages between the Flores, Huamani, Capcha, Díaz and Quispe castes
15. Endogamous marriages between the Cuevas, Astovilca, Díaz and Tito castes
16. Marital unions between caru aillu
17. Incestuous relationships
18. Ceremonial kinship: networks of the couple I-II
19. Ceremonial kinship: networks of the couple IV-V
20. Links between three cases of ceremonial kinship networks
21. In-laws and compadres
22. Kinship or aillu and the configuration of the aura
23. Terminology of kinship by affinity
24a. The system of the ceques of Cuzco
24b. Distribution of the panacas and the aillus in the ceque system
25. Spatial configuration of the hierarchical order of the saints
26. Structure of the civic-religious hierarchy and the stages of the development cycle
2. Parental networks in Huayllahuarmi
3. Parental networks in Huaccracca
4. Social composition of block XXIV
5. Social composition of blocks XI and XX
6. Social composition of block XX
7. The allqa Ramos and gentile Tito de Chiricre castes
8a. Terminology of consanguineous kinship from the male point of view
8b. Terminology of consanguineous kinship from the female point of view
8c. Terminology of kinship by affinity from the male point of view
8d. Kinship terminology by affinity from the female point of view
9. The interpretation of the Quechua marriage system according to Cunow
10. The Pérez Bocanegra model
11. Terminological asymmetries between father and mother
12. Huasichacuy or house roof (September 1974)
13. Agricultural and livestock rituals of a caste
14. Endogamous marriages between the Flores, Huamani, Capcha, Díaz and Quispe castes
15. Endogamous marriages between the Cuevas, Astovilca, Díaz and Tito castes
16. Marital unions between caru aillu
17. Incestuous relationships
18. Ceremonial kinship: networks of the couple I-II
19. Ceremonial kinship: networks of the couple IV-V
20. Links between three cases of ceremonial kinship networks
21. In-laws and compadres
22. Kinship or aillu and the configuration of the aura
23. Terminology of kinship by affinity
24a. The system of the ceques of Cuzco
24b. Distribution of the panacas and the aillus in the ceque system
25. Spatial configuration of the hierarchical order of the saints
26. Structure of the civic-religious hierarchy and the stages of the development cycle
1. The Indies and Spain
2. Monarch of the world or Pope, king
3a. King and Guaman Poma
3b. The Inca surrounded by his advisors Hanan and Hurin Cuzco and the kings of the four suyos
4. Andenerías of Andamarca
5. Decoration of the llamas that carry corn
6. The eqas
7. Quirao or cradle
8. Looms
9. Funerary ceremonies
10. Son-in-law and father-in-law: ritual interaction
11. The platforms
12. Plowing with bulls
13. Gift of flowers at planting
14. The chuco
15. The drunkenness of the in-laws
16. The puytu
17. The first yacu oqari
18. The first part of the second yacu oqari
19. The second part of the second yacu oqari
20. Distribution of waylla ichu and raki-raki
21. The box of the qayra
22. The eve of the central events of the yarqa aspi
23. The chasqui and the recruits
24. The mistis
25. The llamichus
26. The yacupa huahuan
27. The blacks and the pucas
28. The plowman and the old woman
29. Ceremonial libation of chicha by the stewards
30. The danzaq
31. Acrobatics of the danzaq
32. The danzaq on top of a harp
2. Monarch of the world or Pope, king
3a. King and Guaman Poma
3b. The Inca surrounded by his advisors Hanan and Hurin Cuzco and the kings of the four suyos
4. Andenerías of Andamarca
5. Decoration of the llamas that carry corn
6. The eqas
7. Quirao or cradle
8. Looms
9. Funerary ceremonies
10. Son-in-law and father-in-law: ritual interaction
11. The platforms
12. Plowing with bulls
13. Gift of flowers at planting
14. The chuco
15. The drunkenness of the in-laws
16. The puytu
17. The first yacu oqari
18. The first part of the second yacu oqari
19. The second part of the second yacu oqari
20. Distribution of waylla ichu and raki-raki
21. The box of the qayra
22. The eve of the central events of the yarqa aspi
23. The chasqui and the recruits
24. The mistis
25. The llamichus
26. The yacupa huahuan
27. The blacks and the pucas
28. The plowman and the old woman
29. Ceremonial libation of chicha by the stewards
30. The danzaq
31. Acrobatics of the danzaq
32. The danzaq on top of a harp
Juan Ossio Acuña
First published in 1992 by Juan Ossio Acuña, this work is an example of a rigorous and elaborate anthropological study.
An approach to the social organization of the Andamarca community that allows us to gain an in-depth understanding of the Andean reality. An ethnography that allows us to understand the nature of the system of relationships that configures the social organization of this Andean community and to understand the concept of reciprocity, based on the important bond of kinship.
An approach to the social organization of the Andamarca community that allows us to gain an in-depth understanding of the Andean reality. An ethnography that allows us to understand the nature of the system of relationships that configures the social organization of this Andean community and to understand the concept of reciprocity, based on the important bond of kinship.